The flora and fauna at Ram and Mula river confluence, Baner-Aundh link road, Pune, India

Angiosperms (Trees, shrubs)
Trees, shrubs, climbers and herbs were observed visually, photographed and samples were collected and identified by using http://www.flowersofindia.net/ Flowers of India website.
Grasses are collected and identified under hand lens.

Rotifera, Anomopoda, Ctenopoda, Ostracoda (Zooplankton/meiobenthic micro-invertebrates)
Collection was done using two plankton nets (53 and 100 microns) and hand nets. They were stored in 100 ml bottes for laboratory studies and observed under stereo and compound microscope for identification.

Decapoda, Gastropoda, Bivalvia (meiobenthic macro-invertebrates, prawns, crabs, snails and bivalves)
Crabs, snails and bivalves were observed live (shells of gastropods and bivalves as well) on field, photographed and identified using available taxonomical keys.

Heteroptera, Coleoptera, Odonata (Aquatic insects)
Insects were observed live in the field and photographed. Species were identified by using their respective keys, reference books and individual papers with the help of experts

Lepidoptera (Butterflies)
Butterflies were observed visually and with binoculars and photographed using camera and identified by using “A Guide to the Butterflies of Western Ghats (India), Dr. S. Bhakre, H Ogale (2018)”.

Araneae (Spiders)
Spiders were collected and photographed and identified according to World spider catalogue (2025)

Actinopterygii (Fish)
Specimens were photographed from the local fish markets near the study location and identified by experts.

Amphibia (frogs)
Frogs were observed visually on field, photographed and identified using available taxonomic keys

Reptilia (snakes, lizards, freshwater turtles)
Snakes, geckos and turtles were observed visually and photographed using camera and identified by experts.

Aves (Birds)
Birds were observed visually with binoculars, photographed with camera and identified by using “Birds of Indian subcontinent, Grimett et al (1990).” Some birds were identified by calls on field.

Mammalia (mammals)
Mammals were observed visually with binoculars, photographed with camera

All taxa